Should I Put My House in a Trust or LLC? Pros and Cons Explained

As a homeowner, protecting your valuable real estate investment is likely a top priority. Two common strategies to achieve this are transferring your house into a trust or an LLC (limited liability company). 

However, choosing between these options requires carefully weighing the pros and cons in terms of asset protection, tax implications, estate planning, and more. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the advantages and drawbacks of trusts and LLCs for homeowners, shedding light on which route may be better suited for your specific situation. 

Whether your primary goal is shielding your assets from liability, passing wealth efficiently to heirs, or a combination of objectives, understanding the key considerations is crucial for making an informed decision about the optimal ownership structure for your home.

Understanding Trusts for Homeowners

A trust is a legal arrangement where you (the trustor) transfer ownership of your assets, like your house, to a trust entity that is managed by a trustee for the benefit of your named beneficiaries. There are different types of trusts, but the most common for homeowners is a revocable living trust.

Benefits of Putting Your House in a Trust

• Avoid Probate: By holding your house in a trust, you bypass the lengthy and expensive probate process when you pass away. The trust assets can be directly transferred to your beneficiaries.
• Maintain Control: With a revocable living trust, you retain control over the assets during your lifetime and can make changes to the trust as needed.
• Estate Tax Benefits: Properly structured trusts can help minimize estate taxes for your heirs.
• Privacy: Trust transactions are not public records, unlike probate proceedings.

Drawbacks of Trusts for Homeowners

• Loss of Homestead Exemption: Transferring your primary residence to an irrevocable trust may cause you to lose valuable homestead exemption benefits in some states.
• Due-on-Sale Clause: Moving your house with an existing mortgage into a trust could potentially trigger the lender’s due-on-sale clause, which may require full repayment of the loan.

The Role of LLCs in Real Estate Asset Protection

A limited liability company (LLC) is a business entity that provides liability protection by separating your personal assets from those owned by the LLC. This can shield you from potential lawsuits or creditors related to the LLC assets.

Benefits of Putting Your House in an LLC

• Liability Protection: If someone gets injured on your property and sues you, only the assets held within the LLC are at risk, not your personal assets like savings accounts.
• Tax Benefits: LLCs can provide certain tax advantages, including the ability to perform 1031 exchanges when selling investment properties.
• Privacy: LLCs offer more privacy than holding real estate in your personal name.

Drawbacks of LLCs for Personal Residences

• Capital Gains Tax: You may lose the ability to exclude up to $250,000 (or $500,000 for married couples) in capital gains when selling your primary residence, as this exemption generally only applies to individuals.
• Mortgage Issues: Transferring your home to an LLC could violate the terms of your mortgage and trigger the due-on-sale clause.
• Ongoing Maintenance: LLCs require more administrative work, like annual filings and meetings, compared to holding property in your personal name.

Combining Trusts and LLCs for Maximum Protection

For comprehensive asset protection and estate planning, many experts recommend a combined strategy of placing your LLC (which holds the real estate) inside a trust. This way, you get the liability protection of the LLC and the probate-avoidance and potential estate tax benefits of the trust.

However, this advanced strategy comes with added complexity and costs for setting up and maintaining both entities. It’s crucial to work with qualified legal and tax professionals to ensure everything is structured properly based on your specific situation and goals.

The Bottom Line: Prioritize Your Objectives

Ultimately, whether you should put your house in a trust, an LLC, or use a combined approach depends on your priorities. If asset protection from potential lawsuits is the main concern, an LLC may be preferred – but be aware of the potential tax drawbacks for your personal residence.

If avoiding probate and facilitating estate planning is most important, a revocable living trust could be the better choice for your primary home. And if you want robust, multi-layered protection, the trust-LLC combination is an option worth exploring with expert guidance.

Remember, these decisions are highly personalized, so carefully evaluate your unique circumstances, risk tolerance, and both short-term and long-term objectives before restructuring how you hold your home’s ownership. With proper planning, you can effectively safeguard your hard-earned equity and real estate investments.